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Security agreement: How-to guide

Successful businesses are built on big ideas and long-range goals, but without sufficient capital, those dreams may never be realized. Limited start-up funds can stop a company in its tracks. Business owners can underestimate the amount of money they'll need to keep their organization running and close their doors before they’ve had a chance to get a market foothold.

Many owners also expect their companies to turn a profit on Day 1, failing to consider expenses, competition, and the time it takes to build a customer base.

Whatever the reasons, individuals and companies often must borrow money to keep their businesses afloat. They can turn either to large financial institutions or to friends, colleagues, and relatives for support.

A security agreement may prove more useful for a company looking to borrow money from less formal sources. Since commercial lenders may be reluctant to loan money to businesses without defined income streams and, moreover, will usually use their standardized forms.

Nonetheless, the security agreement may provide a good starting point for any person or business who wants a loan or seeks information about loan terms and deal structures.

Borrowers who agree to sign security agreements may find loans more readily available to them. Lenders know that if a default occurs, they can sell the property used as collateral under the agreement. This protection may, in turn, make a borrower more comfortable with the loan arrangement. Nobody wants to default on a loan or force others to absorb losses on their behalf.

Advantages of a security agreement

Free security agreement template by LegalZoom. Create and download agreements for free!

When a security interest is granted, you can be sure you’re not leaving lenders out in the cold. A security agreement provides further assurance. It explains the specifics of how collateral can be claimed by the lender and what the borrower must do to protect the lender’s interest in that property.

A written security agreement minimizes confusion, misunderstanding, and error. It clearly outlines the parties’ expectations and obligations. In short, it promotes a successful and profitable business arrangement.

An online template can give you a headstart to create your security agreement. LegalZoom offers a comprehensive security agreement template, which is provided at the top of this page, that you can use anytime from any device. To complete the provided template, all you have to do is add the essential details on the blank placeholders given. To make further edits or additions to the template, use the rich editor feature to insert your texts and images. After you have edited your entire document, download it easily as a .pdf file. You’ll be able to use all these features while paying a reasonable price

If you’re looking for other business agreement templates, LegalZoom provides a multitude of templates that are suitable for your varied business and personal needs.  

Lender and borrower guidelines

1. Terms and conditions of security agreements

Before signing the agreement, decide exactly what the terms of your security agreement would be. For instance, you need to provide the following details:

  • How much property will be needed to secure the loan?
  • What types of property can be provided as collateral?
  • What will be the security interest the borrower needs to pay the lender?
  • If there are other loan documents and there is a conflict between documents, which document will take precedence?
  • What will the secured party receive during the course of the agreement? 

A good agreement form is one that captures the intentions of the parties accurately. Take a moment to clarify the terms and conditions of your agreement before making them in written form.

2. Time for review

Both the borrower and the lender should be given enough time to review the document. It'll prevent any future advances or claims from both parties that they didn’t understand the agreement or the terms are wrongly quoted, etc.

3. Role of the secured promissory note

Security agreements are generally used to supplement a secured promissory note. A secured promissory note is the borrower’s actual promise to repay the money it received.

4. Financing statements

Security interests created for personal property can (and should) be recorded with financing statements (more specifically, a document called a UCC financing statement).

Once a financing statement is completed and filed with the correct governmental authority, the lender’s interest in the property is considered “perfected.”

This means that if future lenders also seek a security interest in the same asset, the lender with the perfected interest would have top priority and could take the property for themself after a default.

5. Witness and signature formalities 

Depending on the nature of your agreement’s terms, you may decide to have your agreement witnessed or notarized. This will limit later challenges to the validity of a party’s signature.

Two copies of the agreement should be signed. One will be kept by the lender, and the other will be retained by the borrower.

6. Take legal help

When you have doubt or feel that your agreement is complex, always seek the help of an attorney. They’ll help you draft a document that'll meet your specific needs.

Key elements of a security agreement

An image of a couple pointing and looking at a security agreement happily.

The following instructions will help you understand the terms of your security agreement.

1. Introduction

In this section, you need to identify and introduce the parties concerned with the agreement.

Provide the details regarding what type of organization(s) they are. In security agreements, one party is addressed as the “lender” and the other as the “borrower.”

The lender is the party that loaned the money under the agreement, and the borrower is the one that is securing its promise to pay with this agreement.

Write in the effective date on which the agreement is signed.

2. Indebtedness

Describes exactly what is being secured by the agreement. It simply states that the agreement is meant to ensure that the borrower will repay the loan the lender provided.

3. Reaffirmation of loan

In this part, the borrower reaffirms its obligations under the loan. They promise to pay the full amount on time and without default. 

4. Secured property

This section lists the property or the financial assets that the borrower is using as collateral for the loan.

5. Grant of a security interest

This part ensures the borrower’s repayment by providing the security interest for the property they have pledged as collateral.

6. Event of default

It lists the situations in which the lender can declare that a default has occurred and can seek remedies from the borrower. These events include defaults in payment, loss or damage to collateral property, bankruptcy filings, or entries into receivership.

7. Remedies for events of default 

A description of the actions the lender can take if the borrower or debtor fails to pay or when their business is at a loss. During such scenarios, the lender can demand the entire amount of the loan and sell the collateral to repay that loan.

8. Termination

It states that the security agreement will terminate when the borrower has paid off the loan.

9. Successors and assigns

States that the parties’ rights and obligations will be passed on to heirs or, in the case of companies, to successor organizations.

10. Notice

It lists the addresses to which all official or legal correspondence should be delivered. You need to provide both borrower's and lender’s mailing addresses here.

11. Governing law

Allows the parties to choose the state and county laws that'll be used to interpret the agreement.

12. Entire agreement

This section mentions that the parties are signing the security agreement as per the terms and conditions mentioned. However, having this clause won't prevent a party from arguing that other enforceable promises (or other loan documents) exist, but it'll provide you some protection from these claims.

13. No implied waiver

This part explains that even if the lender ignores or allows the borrower to break an obligation under the agreement, it doesn't mean the lender waives off other obligations on the loan.

14. Inconsistencies

When more than one agreement is signed, there is a risk that the provisions of one may contradict the provisions of the other. As per this clause, it lets you designate which agreement will take control if there are conflicts between agreements.

15. Severability

This clause protects the terms of the agreement as a whole, even if one part is later invalidated.

16. Counterparts; electronic signatures

This section explains that even if the parties sign the security agreement in different locations, or use electronic devices to transmit signatures (e.g., fax machines or computers), all of the separate pieces will be considered part of the same document.

17. Headings

This part explains that the headings at the beginning of each section are meant to organize the document and shouldn't be considered operational parts of the agreement.

Frequently asked questions

What's a security agreement?

Businesses often must borrow money from less formal sources, like friends, colleagues, and relatives. While a promissory note may help you secure a loan, a security agreement provides further protection and minimizes confusion, misunderstandings, and errors. It can also minimize risks for the lender and safeguard the integrity of the loan, as it clearly outlines expectations and fulfillment obligations.

What key information do you need to fill out your security agreement?

To complete your security agreement, you must know the following details:

  • Who it's coming from: Determine if a business or individual is sending the document and have their name and contact information ready
  • Who it's going to: Know who this document is going to and keep the name and contact details of the individual or business ready. If it's a business, know the business type (LLC, corporation, etc.)
  • Which state will govern it: Specify a state so it's clear what laws apply to the document
  • Payment terms: Have information about the amounts to be paid and debts owed to the lender
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