A trademark can protect a business name that distinguishes your goods and services from the goods and services of others. Because a trademark is based on a name’s business use, you cannot trademark a name that you use only for personal purposes.
What type of names can be trademarked?
Types of names that may be protected by trademarks include:
- A business name
- A product name
- A domain name
- Your own name, if people identify it with the goods or services you provide
- The name of your band
- The name of a character that you use to market your business, such as “Ronald McDonald”
Choosing a name that can be trademarked
To be registered as a trademark, a name must be used in commerce and must meet two other criteria: It must not be too generic, and it must not create a “likelihood of confusion” with an existing trademark or pending trademark application.
Likelihood of confusion
Like any trademark, a name cannot be registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) if it is so similar to an existing trademark that people are likely to be confused about the source of the goods or services. A likelihood of confusion exists if:
- The names are similar
- The names are associated with related types of goods and services
If the goods or services are unrelated, it is unlikely that the similar names would confuse anyone.
Distinctiveness
To get trademark protection for your name, it must be distinctive enough to set your product or service apart from others.
- Coined names such as “Xerox” or "Kleenex" are the easiest names to trademark.
- Arbitrary names that use an existing word to identify an unrelated product or service, such as “Apple,” for instance, also receive strong trademark protection.
- Suggestive names, such as “Chicken of the Sea” tuna, can also be trademarked.
- Descriptive names, or names such as “saltypretzels.com” or “New York Pizza,” are “descriptive” marks, although they can only be registered as trademarks if they have acquired a “secondary meaning.” This means that the name has become so well known that people automatically think of only one source when they hear that name. A business typically has to promote a descriptive name for several years before it can show that the name has a secondary meaning.
- Personal names that have acquired secondary meaning may also qualify. “Ralph Lauren” is an example of a name that has a secondary meaning.
- Generic names like “ice cream” generally cannot be registered trademarks.
Registering your trademark
You can register a trademark for your name by filing an online application a few different ways.
- File online through the USPTO's Trademark Center. This is the least expensive option at $350.
- File by mail or hand carry by following instructions on the USPTO website. The cost for a paper filing is $850.
- Hire a trademark attorney to guide you through the filing. This can cost you anywhere from several hundred to several thousand dollars.
- Use an online trademark registration service. These often include personalized guidance from an attorney and are more cost-effective. LegalZoom's trademark registration service costs $649 + federal filing fees.
The registration process will take at least several months.
Types of trademark
You can choose to register your name as a standard character mark or a special form mark.
- A standard character mark protects your name regardless of what style, font, or design you use it in.
- A special form mark protects your name only in the format, font, color, or style that you specify in your application.
Trademark registration FAQs
What types of business names can I trademark?
You can trademark most business names as long as they're used in business and meet certain requirements. The name needs to help customers identify your specific business or products, not just describe what you sell. You can trademark business names, product names, service names, and even domain names if you use them for business.
The key is that your name must be distinctive enough that customers can tell it apart from other businesses in your industry.
How much does it cost to trademark a business name?
The basic cost to trademark a business name with the federal government is $350 per category of goods or services you want to protect. This is the cheapest option if you file online through the USPTO website. If you need to protect your name in multiple categories (like both products and services), you'll pay $350 for each category.
For example, if you sell juice and also run a juice bar, you might need two categories, costing $700 total. You can also get help from legal services, which typically charge between $899 to $2,000 or more depending on what's included. State trademarks are much cheaper (usually $35–$100) but only protect your name within that one state, while federal trademarks protect you nationwide.
What makes a business name strong enough to trademark?
The strongest business names for trademarks are made-up words or common words used in unexpected ways. Completely made-up names (such as “Xerox”) or names with unexpected applications (such as using “Apple” for a computer company) get the best protection because they're unique and memorable. Names that hint at what you do without directly saying it (like "Greyhound" for buses) are also considered fairly strong.
However, names that simply describe your business (like "Fast Pizza Delivery") are much harder to trademark unless you can prove customers already know that name belongs specifically to your business.
Can I trademark a name that's similar to an existing business?
You might be able to trademark a similar name, especially if the businesses are in completely different industries and customers wouldn't get confused. The government looks at whether people might mix up the two businesses when deciding what to buy. For example, "Delta Airlines" and "Delta Faucets" can both exist because airplanes and bathroom fixtures are totally different products.
But if you wanted to start "Delta Shipping" or "Delta Travel," the trademark would probably be rejected because it's too close to the airline business. The key factors are how similar the names sound or look, and whether the products or services are related enough that customers might think they come from the same company.
How long does the trademark process take?
The trademark process typically takes several months to over a year from start to finish. After you submit your application, it usually takes about 3–4 months before a government attorney reviews it for the first time. If there are no problems with your application, it gets published for 30 days to give other businesses a chance to object. If no one objects and everything looks good, you'll get your trademark registration.
However, if the government finds issues (like your name being too similar to another trademark), you'll need to respond to their concerns, which can add several more months to the process. The timeline can vary a lot depending on how complex your case is and whether you need to make changes to your application along the way.
Do I need to hire a lawyer to trademark my business name?
You don't legally need a lawyer to trademark your business name, but it can be helpful, especially if your situation is complicated. You can file the application yourself through the USPTO website, and many people do this successfully. However, lawyers or legal service providers can help you avoid common mistakes that might get your application rejected. For instance, LegalZoom can do thorough searches of various trademark databases to make sure your name doesn't conflict with existing trademarks, help you choose the right categories for protection, and handle any problems that come up during the review process.
What happens after I get my trademark registered?
Once your trademark is registered, you have exclusive rights to use that name for your specific type of business nationwide. This means you can stop other businesses from using confusingly similar names in your industry, and you can use the ® symbol with your name. However, you're responsible for protecting your trademark yourself—the government won't do it for you. You need to watch for other businesses that might be copying your name and send them letters asking them to stop. If they don't stop, you might need to take them to court.
You also need to renew your trademark every 10 years by filing paperwork and paying fees. If you stop using your trademark for several years, you could lose your rights to it, so make sure you keep using it in your business.